英文版(PDF格式)
《Digital Signal Processing and Applications with the C6713 and C6416 DSK》
Contents：
Preface xiii
List of Examples xvii
Programs/Files on Accompanying CD xxi
1 DSP Development System 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 DSK Support Tools 2
1.2.1 DSK Board 3
1.2.2 TMS320C6713 Digital Signal Processor 5
1.3 Code Composer Studio 5
1.3.1 CCS Installation and Support 6
1.3.2 Useful Types of Files 7
1.4 Quick Test of DSK 7
1.5 Support Files 8
1.6 Programming Examples to Test the DSK Tools 9
1.7 Support Programs/Files Considerations 27
1.7.1 Initialization/Communication File 27
1.7.2 Vector File 30
1.7.3 Linker Command File 32
1.8 Compiler/Assembler/Linker Shell 33
1.8.1 Compiler 33
1.8.2 Assembler 34
1.8.3 Linker 34
1.9 Assignments 35
References 36
2 Input and Output with the DSK 39
2.1 Introduction 39
2.2 TLV320AIC23 (AIC23) Onboard Stereo Codec for
Input and Output 40
2.3 Programming Examples Using C Code 42
2.4 Assignments 71
References 72
3 Architecture and Instruction Set of the C6x Processor 73
3.1 Introduction 73
3.2 TMS320C6x Architecture 75
3.3 Functional Units 76
3.4 Fetch and Execute Packets 79
3.5 Pipelining 79
3.6 Registers 81
3.7 Linear and Circular Addressing Modes 82
3.7.1 Indirect Addressing 82
3.7.2 Circular Addressing 82
3.8 TMS320C6x Instruction Set 84
3.8.1 Assembly Code Format 84
3.8.2 Types of Instructions 85
3.9 Assembler Directives 86
3.10 Linear Assembly 87
3.11 ASM Statement within C 88
3.12 C-Callable Assembly Function 89
3.13 Timers 89
3.14 Interrupts 89
3.14.1 Interrupt Control Registers 90
3.14.2 Interrupt Acknowledgment 91
3.15 Multichannel Buffered Serial Ports 92
3.16 Direct Memory Access 92
3.17 Memory Considerations 93
3.17.1 Data Allocation 93
3.17.2 Data Alignment 94
vi Contents
3.17.3 Pragma Directives 94
3.17.4 Memory Models 95
3.18 Fixed- and Floating-Point Format 95
3.18.1 Data Types 95
3.18.2 Floating-Point Format 96
3.18.3 Division 97
3.19 Code Improvement 97
3.19.1 Intrinsics 97
3.19.2 Trip Directive for Loop Count 98
3.19.3 Cross-Paths 98
3.19.4 Software Pipelining 98
3.20 Constraints 99
3.20.1 Memory Constraints 99
3.20.2 Cross-Path Constraints 99
3.20.3 Load/Store Constraints 100
3.20.4 Pipelining Effects with More Than One
EP within an FP 100
3.21 Programming Examples Using C, Assembly, and
Linear Assembly 101
3.22 Assignments 115
References 117
4 Finite Impulse Response Filters 119
4.1 Introduction to the z-Transform 119
4.1.1 Mapping from s-Plane to z-Plane 122
4.1.2 Difference Equations 123
4.2 Discrete Signals 124
4.3 FIR Filters 125
4.4 FIR Lattice Structure 127
4.5 FIR Implementation Using Fourier Series 131
4.6 Window Functions 135
4.6.1 Hamming Window 136
4.6.2 Hanning Window 136
4.6.3 Blackman Window 136
4.6.4 Kaiser Window 137
4.6.5 Computer-Aided Approximation 137
4.7 Programming Examples Using C and ASM Code 137
4.8 Assignments 173
References 174
Contents vii
5 Infinite Impulse Response Filters 177
5.1 Introduction 177
5.2 IIR Filter Structures 178
5.2.1 Direct Form I Structure 178
5.2.2 Direct Form II Structure 179
5.2.3 Direct Form II Transpose 181
5.2.4 Cascade Structure 182
5.2.5 Parallel Form Structure 183
5.2.6 Lattice Structure 185
5.3 Bilinear Transformation 190
5.3.1 BLT Design Procedure 191
5.4 Programming Examples Using C and ASM Code 192
5.5 Assignments 205
References 206
6 Fast Fourier Transform 208
6.1 Introduction 208
6.2 Development of the FFT Algorithm with Radix-2 209
6.3 Decimation-in-Frequency FFT Algorithm with Radix-2 210
6.4 Decimation-in-Time FFT Algorithm with Radix-2 217
6.5 Bit Reversal for Unscrambling 221
6.6 Development of the FFT Algorithm with Radix-4 221
6.7 Inverse Fast Fourier Transform 224
6.8 Programming Examples 225
6.8.1 Fast Convolution 237
6.9 Assignments 245
References 247
7 Adaptive Filters 249
7.1 Introduction 249
7.2 Adaptive Structures 251
7.3 Adaptive Linear Combiner 254
7.4 Performance Function 257
7.5 Searching for the Minimum 259
7.6 Programming Examples for Noise Cancellation and
System Identification 262
References 282
viii Contents
8 Code Optimization 284
8.1 Introduction 284
8.2 Optimization Steps 285
8.2.1 Compiler Options 285
8.2.2 Intrinsic C Functions 286
8.3 Procedure for Code Optimization 286
8.4 Programming Examples Using Code Optimization Techniques 286
8.5 Software Pipelining for Code Optimization 293
8.5.1 Procedure for Hand-Coded Software Pipelining 293
8.5.2 Dependency Graph 294
8.5.3 Scheduling Table 295
8.6 Execution Cycles for Different Optimization Schemes 302
References 303
9 DSP/BIOS and RTDX Using MATLAB, Visual C++, Visual Basic,
and LabVIEW 304
9.1 Introduction to DSP/BIOS 306
9.2 RTDX Using MATLAB to Provide Interface Between PC
and DSK 311
9.3 RTDX Using Visual C++ to Interface with DSK 321
9.4 RTDX Using Visual Basic to Provide Interface Between PC
and DSK 332
9.5 RTDX Using LabVIEW to Provide Interface Between PC
and DSK 335
Acknowledgments 342
References 342
10 DSP Applications and Student Projects 343
10.1 DTMF Detection Using Correlation, FFT, and
Goertzel Algorithm 343
10.1.1 Using a Correlation Scheme and Onboard LEDs for
Verifying Detection 345
10.1.2 Using RTDX with Visual C++ to Display Detected
DTMF Signals on the PC 348
10.1.3 Using FFT and Onboard LEDs for
Verifying Detection 350
10.1.4 Using Goertzel Algorithm 350
10.2 Beat Detection Using Onboard LEDs 352
Contents ix
10.3 FIR with RTDX Using Visual C++ for Transfer of
Filter Coefficients 355
10.4 Radix-4 FFT with Frequency Domain Filtering 357
10.5 Radix-4 FFT with RTDX Using Visual C++ and MATLAB
for Plotting 357
10.6 Spectrum Display Through EMIF Using a Bank of 32 LEDs 360
10.7 Spectrum Display Through EMIF Using LCDs 364
10.8 Time-Frequency Analysis of Signals with Spectrogram 368
10.8.1 Simulation Using MATLAB 368
10.8.2 Spectrogram with RTDX Using MATLAB 370
10.8.3 Spectrogram with RTDX Using Visual C++ 372
10.9 Audio Effects (Echo and Reverb, Harmonics, and Distortion) 373
10.10 Voice Detection and Reverse Playback 375
10.11 Phase Shift Keying—BPSK Encoding and Decoding with PLL 377
10.11.1 BPSK Single-Board Transmitter/Receiver Simulation 377
10.11.2 BPSK Transmitter/Voice Encoder with
Real-Time Input 381
10.11.3 Phase-Locked Loop 383
10.11.4 BPSK Transmitter and Receiver with PLL 386
10.12 Binary Phase Shift Keying 390
10.13 Modulation Schemes—PAM and PSK 393
10.13.1 Pulse Amplitude Modulation 393
10.13.2 Phase-Shift Keying 396
10.14 Selectable IIR Filter and Scrambling Scheme Using
Onboard Switches 401
10.15 Convolutional Encoding and Viterbi Decoding 404
10.16 Speech Synthesis Using Linear Prediction of Speech Signals 414
10.17 Automatic Speaker Recognition 418
10.18 m-Law for Speech Companding 422
10.19 Voice Scrambler Using DMA and User Switches 423
10.20 SB-ADPCM Encoder/Decoder: Implementation of G.722
Audio Coding 423
10.21 Encryption Using the Data Encryption Standard Algorithm 425
10.22 Phase-Locked Loop 429
10.23 Miscellaneous Projects 430
10.23.1 Multirate Filter 431
10.23.2 Acoustic Direction Tracker 436
10.23.3 Neural Network for Signal Recognition 437
10.23.4 Adaptive Temporal Attenuator 441
x Contents
10.23.5 FSK Modem 442
10.23.6 Image Processing 443
10.23.7 Filter Design and Implementation Using a
Modified Prony’s Method 444
10.23.8 PID Controller 444
10.23.9 Four-Channel Multiplexer for Fast Data
Acquisition 444
10.23.10 Video Line Rate Analysis 444
Acknowledgments 444
References 445
Appendix A TMS320C6x Instruction Set 450
A.1 Instructions for Fixed- and Floating-Point Operations 450
A.2 Instructions for Floating-Point Operations 450
References 450
Appendix B Registers for Circular Addressing and Interrupts 452
Reference 452
Appendix C Fixed-Point Considerations 455
C.1 Binary and Two’s-Complement Representation 455
C.2 Fractional Fixed-Point Representation 458
C.3 Multiplication 458
Reference 461
Appendix D MATLAB Support Tools 462
D.1 SPTool and FDATool for FIR Filter Design 462
D.2 SPTool and FDATool for IIR Filter Design 465
D.3 MATLAB for FIR Filter Design Using the Student Version 468
D.4 MATLAB for IIR Filter Design Using the Student Version 470
D.5 BLT Using MATLAB and Support Programs on CD 471
D.6 FFT and IFFT 477
References 478
Appendix E Additional Support Tools 479
E.1 Goldwave Shareware Utility as a Virtual Instrument 479
E.2 Filter Design Using DigiFilter 480
Contents xi
E.2.1 FIR Filter Design 480
E.2.2 IIR Filter Design 481
E.3 FIR Filter Design Using a Filter Development Package 482
E.3.1 Kaiser Window 482
E.3.2 Hamming Window 484
E.4 Visual Application Builder and LabVIEW 485
E.5 Alternative Input/Output 485
References 485
Appendix F Fast Hartley Transform 486
References 492
Appendix G Goertzel Algorithm 493
G.1 Design Considerations 493
References 496
Appendix H TMS320C6416 DSK 497
H.1 TMS320C64x Processor 497
H.2 Programming Examples Using the C6416 DSK 498
References 502
Appendix I TMS320C6711 DSK 503
Reference 503
Index 505
xii Contents
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